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Wednesday, August 26, 2020
The Importance of Being Victorian Oscar Wilde Essay Example
The Importance of Being Victorian: Oscar Wilde Paper The Importance of Being Victorian: Oscar Wilde ââ¬Å"The truth is seldom unadulterated and never basic. Present day life would be extremely dreary in the event that it were either, and current writing a total impossibilityâ⬠(Wilde 14). As a splendid author of the 1800ââ¬â¢s, Oscar Wilde dedicated most of his progresses in the direction of revealing the cruel certainties of the Victorian culture. Driving an existence of trickery himself, he decided to feature his abhorrences for the social foul play he saw around him with unreasonable amusingness. Being the primary dramatist to incorporate gay insinuations, inspire ladies, and fake present normal practices, it was astonishing to discover how broadly acknowledged his creation became. Surveys adulated his utilization of clever exchange and comedic characters, making the most suffering play of the Victorian Era. In ââ¬Å"The Importance of Being Earnest: A Trivial Comedy for Serious People,â⬠Oscar Wilde uses his own encounters to expose the social shows of the British Aristocracy during the late 1800ââ¬â¢s. Oscar Wildeââ¬â¢s life was a long way from customary. Brought into the world under the unpredictable name Oscar Fingal Oââ¬â¢Flahertie Wills Wilde on October sixteenth, 1854, he experienced childhood in a ââ¬Å"richly eccentricâ⬠family (Woodcock 9). His dad, Sir William Wilde, was a regarded aural specialist for the Victorian privileged who was ââ¬Å"appointed clinical guide to the Irish Census of 1841â⬠by the youthful age of twenty-eight (Gately). Wildeââ¬â¢s mother, Jane Francesca Elgee, regularly alluded to as Lady Wilde, was an Irish patriot who trusted herself to be a progressive. We will compose a custom paper test on The Importance of Being Victorian: Oscar Wilde explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on The Importance of Being Victorian: Oscar Wilde explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on The Importance of Being Victorian: Oscar Wilde explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer She composed verse under the pseudonym ââ¬Å"Speranza,â⬠for a week after week Irish paper, The Nation, and sorted out a few social events for craftsmen to speak upon scholarly themes (Harris 3). Among his folks, Wilde was acquainted with a wide cluster of specialists, erudite people, and specialists from around the globe. These thoughts helped Wilde to figure out how to esteem clever and scholarly discussion, which he lights up all through ââ¬Å"The Importance of Being Earnest. â⬠Wilde was given the favorable position to accomplish unrivaled instruction. Winning a few honors at Portora Royal School, he was at that point thought about a significant researcher before going to school at Trinity and Magdalen in Oxford (Pearson 18). At these schools, Wilde started a deep rooted reverence of the works of art, which would later impact his resulting composing (Harris 17). Affected by three educators, John Ruskin, Walter Pater, and Frank Mahaffy, Wilde was changed into a capital man of his word who wearing unconventional attire and continually scrutinized the Victorian standards (Harris 24). Ruskin motivated Wildeââ¬â¢s creative mind and distinguished soul with ââ¬Å"his proseâ⬠style and sentimental composition (Harris 28). Pater, Wilde fights, ââ¬Å"taught me the most elevated type of workmanship: the severity of beautyâ⬠(Harris 28). His accentuation in expressions of the human experience additionally encouraged Wilde to live for delight and trial with ââ¬Å"the instrument of speech,â⬠which later helped him structure clever discourse in his plays (Harris 28). Mahaffy took him on outings to Italy and Greece, enlivened his adoration for the Greek language, and moved him to take a gander at the harsh morals around them (Harris 27, Pearson 34). Without the direction and consolation of these teachers, Wilde might not have developed into the comical and regarded author seen today. Wilde went into the big name spotlight through his mind and unpredictable way of life. To make himself paramount, he wore unconventional apparel and brandished blossoms and lilies with every one of his outfits. He ventured out and addressed to build his acclaim in Britain and abroad (Pearson 38). Audience members broadcasted, ââ¬Å"[he] was no matter what the most splendid talker I have ever gone over, the most prepared, the most clever, the most audaciousâ⬠¦ Nobody could profess to eclipse himâ⬠(Pearson 170). As his notoriety bloomed, he started to court big names and book triumphant visits. On one of these visits, Wilde met his significant other Constance Lloyd, for better or for more terrible (Harris 52). They settled down together, became good guardians, and had two children, Cyril and Vyvyan. Thusly, this all changed significantly in 1891 when he met Lord Alfred Douglas and went into a gay relationship with him outside of his marriage (Gately). Exhausted by the show of his wedded life at home, Wilde would frequently get away to a subsequent condo with Douglas and straightforwardly share a relationship with him (Small 25). His mystery, doppelganger way of life, scholarly foundation, and encounters with Victorian Britain all meet up in his satire to feature Wildeââ¬â¢s reactions for the British gentry. In the West End of London, Wildeââ¬â¢s ,ââ¬Å"The Importance of Being Ernest,â⬠debuted during a period of change. Around him, numerous social, strict, political, and monetary regulations were developing. Earlier exhibitions at the George Alexanderââ¬â¢s St. James Theater, for instance, never set out to taunt the principles of society (Raby xi). It was viewed as a significant foul to jeer the privileged, yet Wilde was not reluctant to endanger their help. On February fourteenth, 1894, ââ¬Å"The Importance of Being Earnest,â⬠made its introduction and immediately rose to a triumph, running eighty-six additional occasions from there on (Gately). As a joke, his diverting play overstated physical activity, for example, droll, silliness, and implausibility, to amaze the crowd with surprising occasions and reestablish veritable satire to the stage (Bloom 35-39). As an Irish Protestant untouchable to London, Wilde was prominently acknowledged by the privileged of London, even as they snickered about themselves. His three significant wellsprings of parody: social analysis of the upper and white collar class, homosexuality, and witticisms and quips; made the play a splendid achievement (Mazer). Wildeââ¬â¢s play uncovers a few ramifications about this Victorian privileged. Algernon Moncrieff, an affluent lone ranger who claims to have a sibling named ââ¬Å"Bumbryâ⬠to escape from the city, is continually searching for fervor because of his weariness with the shows (Wilde 15). Worried about close to home fulfillment and appearance, Algernon speaks to the visual goals of the high society and consistently dresses in sharp and dandy clothing. Despite the fact that he ostensibly encapsulates them, inside, he really conflicts with the behavior of the privileged, making a Catch 22. Wilde uncovers through Algernonââ¬â¢s character that Victorian estimations of obligation and uprightness are harsh to the human soul (Raby 59). John Worthing, then again, is an equity of the harmony, watchman of Cecily, and proprietor of a good nation home. Because of his position, he is a result of his social standing and along these lines, maintains rules (Bloom 38). He is acknowledged by the privileged for his fortune and fitting habits, which have a higher incentive than the way of life Algernon leads. Albeit the two men have a mystery existence obscure to society, Wilde infers that society ââ¬Å"cares about substance yet rather worships preliminary and trivialityâ⬠(Raby 82). Like Wildeââ¬â¢s individual life, his male heroes have mystery existences. Recorded as a hard copy a play about truth, ââ¬Å"surfaces [and] names accept an exceptional ignifiganceâ⬠(Raby 52). John Worthing alludes to himself as ââ¬Å"Jackâ⬠in the nation and ââ¬Å"Ernestâ⬠when he goes to the city for no particular reason (Wilde 15). Algernon, Jackââ¬â¢s companion, additionally uncovers that he made a fanciful companion named ââ¬Å"Bunburyâ⬠to visit at whatever point he wants to leave the city and later on claims to be Jac kââ¬â¢s fiendish sibling ââ¬Å"Ernestâ⬠when he visits his nation domain (Wilde 15). Both of these characters corresponding to Wildeââ¬â¢s individual characterâ⬠living as a wedded man with a gay twofold life. As a Victorian perfect, ââ¬Å"earnestnessâ⬠intends to have extraordinary dedication to excellence and obligation, representing truthfulness and earnestness (Raby 51). Wilde rather negates these suggestions and flips around itââ¬â¢s preservationist significance by making the name represent trickery: a mode by which his characters can escape from the problems of their regular day to day existences and duties. Along these lines, Wilde is inferring that carrying on with a regular way of life is predictable and dull. So as to liven things up, one must look for an invented counter-character, like the undercover one Wilde holds with Lord Alfred Douglas. To the blue-bloods, appearance was significant and style substantially more significant than substance. While an individual could have a mystery existence, carry on issue inside a marriage or have youngsters outside of marry lock, society would look the other route as long as the presence of respectability was constantly kept up (Bloom 43). Consequently, Wilde addresses whether the more significant or major issues of the day are disregarded for casual conversation about style and tattle. Gwendolen states, ââ¬Å"In matters of grave significance, style, not genuineness is the essential thingâ⬠(Wilde 86). Her mom, Lady Bracknell additionally trusts Algernon is an ideal spouse for similar reasons. ââ¬Å"What more can one desire,â⬠she questions, ââ¬Å"Algernon is anâ⬠¦ conspicuously, qualified man. He has nothing, yet he looks everythingâ⬠(Wilde 95). In a general public where picture is everything, Algernon is unquestionably an ideal surface picture of a spouse. Th
Saturday, August 22, 2020
The Stand By Steven King Essays - The Stand, Devil,
The Stand by Steven King Book Review This is a book survey about the book THE STAND by Steven King. I needed to do the audit about The Stand rather than Cujo by Steven King for the explanation that I was unable to get the book from the individual that loaned it to me. The epic is about an infection or a diease that slaughter off all the individuals in the USA, they dont state if the entire planet is dead!! The main survivers are around 100 individuals that live in a little town. These individuals all structure together to attempt to reconstruct the country, But theres one issue. Theres a demon like character with them. He gets this young lady to hear him out, and attempt to execute these eight individuals. Eight individuals were chosen from the gathering of individuals to attempt to murder this villain like individual. The eight individuals need to go to aroung Las Vegas (around there) to slaughter this individual. Theres one individual that is with them, and hes like crassy. At the point when he comes into the image, hes like practically dead. So he dosent care on the off chance that he bites the dust. He goes to a military sight, that obviously, theres nobody there, in light of the fact that thier all dead, and gets a missle. This person goes wi th the eight individuals, and when he goes there, he attempts to execute this fallen angel. Be that as it may, the fiend aperes to have a few forces, and he stells the missle from the person. Thier all in Las Vegas, and this is were I get confounded in the book. Aperently, a major gold hand apperes out of no were, takes the issle, and explodes it on every one of them. They all kick the bucket obviously. The hand, or something says something, and its like a farwell message.
Friday, August 21, 2020
Is a Fear of Politics or Politicophobia Real
Is a Fear of Politics or Politicophobia Real Phobias Types Print Is a Fear of Politics or Politicophobia Real? By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Updated on May 22, 2019 Hill Street Studios/Blend Images/Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Politicophobia, or the fear of politics, is a catch-all term that encompasses a wide range of individual fears. Some people are afraid of the political process, others of politicians. Some fear going to a polling location and casting a vote, while still others are afraid of the responsibility of choosing elected officials. Because there are so many variations on politicophobia, the fear is extremely individualized. What makes one person afraid might seem entirely harmless to someone else. Heres a look at some examples. Fear of the Political Process Election season is generally filled with mudslinging, pointed advertisements, and hard-fought debates. If you are uncomfortable with conflict, you might be tempted to hide in the house with the television off during the months preceding a major election. Fear of Politicians Like lawyers and used-car salesmen, politicians have a reputation for being slick and untrustworthy. While many people actively dislike politicians, actual fear of them is somewhat more unusual. What is more common, however, is the fear of a specific politician. During election season, it seems that the entire country takes sides. From major corporations to individual religious leaders, politicians seek out endorsements that they feel can help their bid for election. But almost invariably, endorsing one candidate means speaking out against his or her opponents. When that message comes from a trusted source, it is easy to take it to heart. You may begin to fear a politician who is running ahead in the polls and happens to be someone against whom your pastor, closest friend or boss is spreading a message of hatred. Fear of Casting a Vote Polling locations can be intimidating, particularly to those with social phobia, agoraphobia or claustrophobia. Although most districts now have laws preventing campaigning within the polling place, supporters for both sides often line the sidewalks in a last-minute bid to convince voters to choose a specific candidate. It can feel something like walking the gauntlet as campaigners shout slogans and distribute literature. Inside the polling location, you must go through a series of steps from presenting identification to casting your vote. Poll workers are eager to demonstrate sample ballots and ensure that you understand the process. For those who suffer from certain types of social phobia or agoraphobia, this interaction can feel agonizing. Fear of Choosing Elected Officials Although each person holds only one vote, that vote can make a critical difference in the ultimate outcome of the election. If you are unsure where you stand on the issues, unfamiliar with some of the candidates or unclear on how to fill out the ballot, you may be afraid of making the wrong choice. The fear of responsibility is powerful, and some people develop a nearly paralyzing fear of negatively impacting the future. Fear of the Results Some people are unafraid of casting a vote but are fearful of the direction in which the country is heading. This appears to be especially true when elections happen to fall during a period of war, economic uncertainty or other negativity. Campaign promises, attack ads, and mudslinging heighten the effects, with each side trying desperately to convince voters that bad things will happen if the other side is elected. During presidential elections, the balance of power is frequently mentioned. Legislation must pass through the House and the Senate before being signed by the president. Controlling two or even all three branches of government makes it easier for a political party to pass its agenda, so naturally, both major parties want to gain as much control as possible. But this fight for control makes it easy for those who support the losing side to develop strong fears of what the future will hold. Self-Help Strategies It would be virtually impossible to escape the election season altogether. Major elections, particularly the presidential race, are woven into the fabric of our society. Election talk is everywhere, from the water cooler in the office to the 24-hour news networks. If politicophobia is interfering with your everyday life, you may want to talk to a therapist. With a bit of practice, its possible to mitigate the effects. Try these simple tricks when you feel overwhelmed by the fear of politics. Know when to walk away from a political discussion.Monitor the early caucuses and then turn off the television.Take a walk or go for a bike ride.Call a friend who is not politically minded and head out to dinner. And remember: Its okay to listen to debate now and then. Staying informed is healthy, but allowing yourself to slide into an obsession is not.
Is a Fear of Politics or Politicophobia Real
Is a Fear of Politics or Politicophobia Real Phobias Types Print Is a Fear of Politics or Politicophobia Real? By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Updated on May 22, 2019 Hill Street Studios/Blend Images/Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Politicophobia, or the fear of politics, is a catch-all term that encompasses a wide range of individual fears. Some people are afraid of the political process, others of politicians. Some fear going to a polling location and casting a vote, while still others are afraid of the responsibility of choosing elected officials. Because there are so many variations on politicophobia, the fear is extremely individualized. What makes one person afraid might seem entirely harmless to someone else. Heres a look at some examples. Fear of the Political Process Election season is generally filled with mudslinging, pointed advertisements, and hard-fought debates. If you are uncomfortable with conflict, you might be tempted to hide in the house with the television off during the months preceding a major election. Fear of Politicians Like lawyers and used-car salesmen, politicians have a reputation for being slick and untrustworthy. While many people actively dislike politicians, actual fear of them is somewhat more unusual. What is more common, however, is the fear of a specific politician. During election season, it seems that the entire country takes sides. From major corporations to individual religious leaders, politicians seek out endorsements that they feel can help their bid for election. But almost invariably, endorsing one candidate means speaking out against his or her opponents. When that message comes from a trusted source, it is easy to take it to heart. You may begin to fear a politician who is running ahead in the polls and happens to be someone against whom your pastor, closest friend or boss is spreading a message of hatred. Fear of Casting a Vote Polling locations can be intimidating, particularly to those with social phobia, agoraphobia or claustrophobia. Although most districts now have laws preventing campaigning within the polling place, supporters for both sides often line the sidewalks in a last-minute bid to convince voters to choose a specific candidate. It can feel something like walking the gauntlet as campaigners shout slogans and distribute literature. Inside the polling location, you must go through a series of steps from presenting identification to casting your vote. Poll workers are eager to demonstrate sample ballots and ensure that you understand the process. For those who suffer from certain types of social phobia or agoraphobia, this interaction can feel agonizing. Fear of Choosing Elected Officials Although each person holds only one vote, that vote can make a critical difference in the ultimate outcome of the election. If you are unsure where you stand on the issues, unfamiliar with some of the candidates or unclear on how to fill out the ballot, you may be afraid of making the wrong choice. The fear of responsibility is powerful, and some people develop a nearly paralyzing fear of negatively impacting the future. Fear of the Results Some people are unafraid of casting a vote but are fearful of the direction in which the country is heading. This appears to be especially true when elections happen to fall during a period of war, economic uncertainty or other negativity. Campaign promises, attack ads, and mudslinging heighten the effects, with each side trying desperately to convince voters that bad things will happen if the other side is elected. During presidential elections, the balance of power is frequently mentioned. Legislation must pass through the House and the Senate before being signed by the president. Controlling two or even all three branches of government makes it easier for a political party to pass its agenda, so naturally, both major parties want to gain as much control as possible. But this fight for control makes it easy for those who support the losing side to develop strong fears of what the future will hold. Self-Help Strategies It would be virtually impossible to escape the election season altogether. Major elections, particularly the presidential race, are woven into the fabric of our society. Election talk is everywhere, from the water cooler in the office to the 24-hour news networks. If politicophobia is interfering with your everyday life, you may want to talk to a therapist. With a bit of practice, its possible to mitigate the effects. Try these simple tricks when you feel overwhelmed by the fear of politics. Know when to walk away from a political discussion.Monitor the early caucuses and then turn off the television.Take a walk or go for a bike ride.Call a friend who is not politically minded and head out to dinner. And remember: Its okay to listen to debate now and then. Staying informed is healthy, but allowing yourself to slide into an obsession is not.
Sunday, May 24, 2020
Understanding Informal Speak Gonna and Wanna
Wanna and gonna are two examples of informal spoken American English. Wanna means want to, and gonna means going to. Youll hear these phrases in movies, pop music and other forms of entertainment, although you are less likely to hear them in more formal shows, like the news. These two expressions are not generally used in written English but in spoken English. Wanna and gonna are examples of reductions. Reductions are short, commonly used phrases that are spoken quickly. These reductions tend to be used for function words such as auxiliary verbs. It is important to remember that there areà differences in American English and British English pronunciation. British English also has its own exceptions in pronunciation.à There are different views on whether students should use this type of pronunciation. In my opinion, students who live in North America should at least be familiar with these forms as they will hear them every day. If students decide to use this pronunciation, they should remember that it is appropriate only for informal spoken English and should not be used (except for texting, perhaps) in written English. Reductions in Questions The most common reductions are found at the beginning of questions. Heres a list of important reductions with the pronunciation written out to help you learn to recognize them in everyday American English. To begin with, listen to this reduction pronunciation sound file of the most common questions. Are you ...? aryaCan you ...? kinyaCould you ...? kudjaWould you ...? wudjaDid you ...? didjaDo you ...? dojaDont you ...? donchaWill you ...? wiljaDo you want to ...? doyawannaAre you going to ...? aryagonnaDo you have to ...? dijahafta Focus on the Main Verb If you choose to use reductions, it is important to focus on the main verb in the question to correctly pronounce using reductions. In other words, we quickly speak over the reduced forms (are you, could you, etc.) and stress the main verb. Listen to these example reduced questions to hear how the main verb is stressed. Are you ...? arya Are you enjoying yourself?Are you going to help me tonight? Can you ...? kinya Can you say that again?Can you understand me? Could you ...? kudja Could you help me?Could you visit next month? Would you ...? wudja Would you like to have dinner?Would you answer my question? Did you ...? didja Did you see him?Did you buy it? Do you ...? dija Do you play tennis?Do you eat fish? Dont you ...? doncha Dont you love it?Dont you understand? Will you ...? wilja Will you come with me?Will you finish tonight? Do you want to ...? diyawanna Do you want to have fun?Do you want to eat out? Are you going to ...? aryagonna Are you going to leave?Are you going to have lunch? Do you have to ...? dijahafta Do you have to stay?Do you have to work today? Gotta and Wanna Two of the most common reductions are gotta and wanna. Gotta is the reduction of got to. Its rather strange because its use means have to. In other words, in informal American English I got to get up early means I have to get up early. This is then further reduced to I gotta get up early. Wanna means want to and is used to indicate the desire to do something. For example, I wanna go home. means I want to go home. A synonymous expression is also I would like to go home. However, this form is much more formal.
Thursday, May 14, 2020
karl marx-theory of social change - 1102 Words
theory of social change Marx s focus on the process of social change is so central to this thinking that it informs all his writings. The motor force of history for Marx is not to be found in any extra-human agency, be it providence or the objective spirit. Marx insisted that men make their own history. Human history is the process through which men change themselves even as they pit themselves against nature to dominate it. In the course of their history men increasingly transform nature to make it better serve their own purposes. And, in the process of transforming nature, they transform themselves. In contrast to all animals who can only passively adjust to nature s requirements by finding a niche in the ecological orderâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦His writings on the regime of Napoleon III illustrate in masterful fashion a historical situation in which the forces of the old class order and of the new are so nearly balanced that neither is able to prevail, thus giving rise to a Bonapartist stalemate. Moreover, though throughout his life Marx held fast to the belief that the future belongs to the working class, which will lead the way to the emergence of a classless society, he was nevertheless willing to consider the possibility that the working class may not be equal to its historical task so that mankind would degenerate into a new kind of barbarism. Marx conceived of four major successive modes of production in the history of mankind after the initial stage of primitive communism: the Asiatic, the ancient, the feudal, and the modern bourgeois form. Each of these came into existence through contradictions and antagonisms that had developed in the previous order. No social order ever disappears before all the productive forces for which there is room in it have been developed; and new higher relations of production never appear before the material conditions of their existence have matured in the womb of the old society. Class antagonisms specific to each particular mode of productionShow MoreRelatedKarl Marx: Conflict Theory Essay878 Words à |à 4 PagesKarl Marx: Conflict Theory The most influential socialist thinker from the 19th century is Karl Marx. Karl Marx can be considered a great philosopher, social scientist, historian or revolutionary. Marx proposed what is known as the conflict theory. The conflict theory looks at how certain social interactions occur through conflict. People engage in conflict everyday to gain more power then others in society. 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James Fulcher and John Scott (p.21, 2011) explain why theories of sociologists in past time and todays modern so-ciety are so important and why they can still be relevant today, ââ¬Å"theory is or should be an attempt to describe and explain the real world, it is impossible to know any-thing about the real world without drawing on some kind of theoretical ideas.â⬠Per-ceptions of Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim and Max WeberRead More Karl Marx and His Radical Views Essay1169 Words à |à 5 PagesKarl Marx and His Radical Views Karl Marx[i] Karl Marx is among the most important and influential of all modern philosophers who expressed his ideas on humans in nature. According to the University of Dayton, ââ¬Å"the human person is part of a larger history of life on this planet. Through technology humans have the power to have an immense effect on that life.â⬠[ii] The people of his time found that the impact of the Industrial Revolution would further manââ¬â¢s success within thisRead MoreKarl Marx on the German Ideology843 Words à |à 3 PagesKarl Marx on the German Ideology: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels collaborated to produce The German Ideology, which was one of the classic texts generated by the two. Even though The German Ideology stands our as one of the major texts produced by the two, it was never published during Marxââ¬â¢s lifetime. This was a clear expression of the theory of history by Marx and its associated materialist metaphysics. One of the main reasons this text is a classic text by these philosophers is the fact that
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Saint Cosmas of Aetolia was a Great Missionary from the...
Saint Cosmas of Aetolia is considered one of the great missionaries of the Orthodox Church. Much like Saint Paul, he traveled a great distance to proclaim the Gospel. He established schools and reinvigorated the Orthodox faithful of Greece who had endured several centuries of Ottoman occupation. Costa was his given name and he was born in 1714 in the village of Mega Dendron in the mountainous region of Aetolia. ? At age 20, he worked as a grammar teacher under the guidance of Archdeacon Ananias Dervisanos. Young Costa lived much like a monk in the world and after a number of years he was drawn to Mouth Athos. He first studied theology at the Athonias Academy near Vatopedi Monastery. # years later he joined the brotherhood at Philotheou Monastery and was tonsured a monk, given the name Cosmas, and was later ordained a priest. He later described Philotheou as the place where he wept over his sins. Cosmas was a zealous ascetic and lived a life of prayer and stillness. He was greatly enriched through the study of scripture and the church fathers. He spoke often about the necessity of scripture: ââ¬Å"The existence of many churches neither preserves nor strengthens our faith to the proper extent and in the proper manner, if those who believe in God are not enlightened by the Old and the New Testament.â⬠After seventeen years at Philotheou, Cosmas felt called to follow the path of Apostolic preaching. He sympathized with the plight of the Christians under Ottoman
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