Challenges of Recruitment and Selection in Rio Tinto-Myassignment

Question: Discucss about the challenges of recruitment and selection in Rio Tinto. Answer: Introduction The report gives focus on the major challenges of recruitment and selection in the organization. The Rio Tinto is taken into consideration for this report. It is considered the largest mining and Metal Corporation worldwide. It elaborates that how the organization is taking an active part to resolve the issues globally. It considers the proper strategies that address the key challenges in the organization. Rio Tinto is known as an Australian British multinational corporation. The company operates the activities in the mining and metals products sector. It was established in 1873 and headquarter of the organization is situated in London. The main emphasis is given on the mining and minerals products. The companies deals or conducts the activities by taking into consideration iron, diamonds, and coal. There are almost 50,000 workers who are conducting the operations of the company. The organization is enhancing the profits and revenue effectively. It is analyzed that the organization tries to maintain a good image in the market, so that the profitability and smooth working can be conducted effectively. This is the effective way considered by the company and also it is traded on the London stock exchange and Australian securities exchange (Hurst, 2015). Challenges of recruitment and selection and strategies to minimize these challenges Recruitment and selection It is considered as one the essential function of the human resource management. If there is no proper process of recruitment and selection then it can give negative impact on the activities conducted by the organization. Recruitment gives focus on the candidates who are capable enough to operate the activities in a proper manner. The selection is also a method that on which the company gives more focus, so that the dedicated employees can be selected for the organization. Job analysis is also taken into consideration at the time of the selection. It helps the organization to select those candidates only who can conduct the operations (Kohtamki et al., 2012). Rio Tinto gives emphasis on having proper human resource management so that the benefits can be achieved and also can be given to the employees who are facing challenges in conducting the activities. The challenges for appointing the employees in the Rio Tinto company are discussed below: Demographic Issues It is one of the major concerns taken into consideration by the Rio Tinto company. The demographic problems are related to the workers, diversities and also generation. These problems give direct impact on the operations of the organization and also on the working environment of the company. It is analyzed that the working environment offered to the employees is not so good and especially for the women it is not comfortable to work there in an effective manner. The organization also does not give focus on the maintaining proper diversity in the organization. This can be the major problem faced by the company. Also, cultural differences, conflicts and increasing of the generation gap give negative impact on the working pattern of the organization (Shaw et al., 2013). Wages are also considered as an important aspect for every employee who is conducting the activities of the organization. The major problem faced by analyzed in the company is related to the wages only. The company does not offer attractive opportunities to the women who are working in the organization. There are also many changes in wages and also in the pay system of the women and men. Also, gender issue is one of the biggest problems that are seen in the company. Just due to the generation gap the organization is not able to maintain proper teamwork and coordination among the workers (Kehoe and Wright, 2013). Strategy recommended The organization should give emphasis on the demographic issue so that the goodwill can be enhanced. It is the responsibility of the top management to analyze the performance of the employees. If the performance is not good then corrective actions should be taken so that the goals and objectives can be accomplished. The manager should provide the proper environment to the employees, so that they can work with their full dedication (Lynch et al., 2012). Also, proper communication should be made between the management and the employees, so that the issues can be discussed and resolved in a proper manner. The organization should make rules and regulations for both men and women, so that the activities can be conducted with proper management. Cross-cultural training is also one of the important aspects of every organization. If it is conducted then it can give a brief explanation of the culture related to the organization. So Rio Tinto should give focus on maintaining proper cross culture training so that goals and objectives can be attained effectively. The company should also give emphasis on minimizing the age difference within the company (Berlin et al., 2013). Organizational image Every organization tries to maintain a proper organizational image, so that the growth and profitability can be accomplished. The challenge is related to the organizational image only. The growth and success of the organization are only dependent on the image of the organization. If the organizational image is proper then the company can attain various benefits in a proper manner (Wright and McMahan, 2011). The competitors of the organization are BHP Billiton and Anglo American Plc. The organization does not offer regular wage and salary to the workers, especially to the women. So, the organizational image and goodwill of the organization are not good. It is important for the organization to maintain the proper image in the market, and then only the company can attain growth. Due to the lack of goodwill in the market, the company issue related to recruitment. The candidates do not take interest to apply in the organization. So, the organization has to face many risk and loss just due to the poor image in the market (Castillo et al., 2013). Strategy recommended The organization should give emphasis on maintaining proper strategies so that the challenges can be addressed at the workstation. The organization should give emphasis on enhancing the goodwill in the market and also attract more candidates to apply for the job opening. There should be a proper evaluation of the strategies that are considered by the competitors, so that the company can conduct the activities according to the level of competition in the market (Pearson and Daff, 2011). The company should consider the policies and strategies to gain advantage for the long term. If the organization offer proper employment opportunities to the workers, then it can be possible to build a proper image in the market. The organization should also try to make creative leadership strategy so that the good position can be maintained in the organization. It is important to maintain the good environment and also the corporate culture should be proper so that the candidates can be attracted towards the organization. It is evaluated that if the organization have good working environment then it can easy to accomplish the goals and objectives (Bangerter et al., 2012). Issues related to Labor supply and demand Labor supply and demand are considered as the important elements of economics. It is known as the backbone of the organization. If efficient labor is not there in the organization, then it can be difficult for the organization to survive in the competitive environment. The competitive environment consists of many competitors who consider proper strategies for growth in the market. Without labor, no organization can conduct the operations in an effective manner. The efficiency of the labor can be enhanced if the company has a proper flow of communication (Kemp et al., 2011). For the employees, communication is one of the important aspects, so that the activities can be conducted smoothly. There are many factors that give direct impact on the labor supply and demand. The factors that give impact are globalization, compensation, and economy. The supply and demand of the labor are analyzed by taking into consideration the labor market. The organization needs more workers so that positive impact can be given to the profitability and productivity level of the organization. In the recent scenario, the employees require good wages to work in an effective manner. If good wages are not provided by the organization then it can be difficult for the organization to retain the workers for a long time. The labor supply and demand are affected by the factors like latest technologies, social factor and also an economic factor (Jenkins et al., 2012). Strategies recommended If the organization requires achieving proper goals and objectives then the company should give focus on maintaining proper strategies. There should be a proper balance between the labor supply and demand so that the activities can be conducted smoothly. The wages provided to the employees should be proper so that the productivity and profitability of the organization can be enhanced (Schmitt and Raisch, 2013). The organization should offer wages and salary to the workers by considering the productivity and performance. Rio Tinto should give focus on maintaining proper communication channels, so that the employees feel comfortable to conduct the activities. Proper training should also be provided by the company to its workers, so that the motivation and dedication level of the employees can be enhanced effectively. It can also give a positive impact on the overall performance level of the workers working in the organization. The organization should give emphasis on maintaining a prop er balance between the labor supply and demand, so that issues can be resolved in a proper manner (Alfes et al., 2013). Conclusion By analyzing the report, it is concluded that the company should have proper human resource department so that the activities can be managed in an effective manner. It is essential for every organization to have proper and sustainable human resource management within the company. There are many challenges and issues that are faced by the company. So Rio Tinto should take into consideration effective strategies so that the overall goals and objectives can be accomplished. Proper strategies help the organization to conduct the activities in the competitive environment. It will assist the company to increase the overall job satisfaction and morale of the workers conducting the routine activities in the organization. The organization should offer a good environment to the workers so that the activities can be operated in a proper way. This is the best way by which the company can compete properly in the competitive environment. References Alfes, K., Shantz, A. D., Truss, C., Soane, E. C. (2013). The link between perceived human resource management practices, engagement and employee behaviour: a moderated mediation model.The international journal of human resource management,24(2), 330-351. Bangerter, A., Roulin, N., Knig, C. J. (2012). Personnel selection as a signaling game.Journal of Applied Psychology,97(4), 719. Berlin, C., Dedering, C., Jnsdttir, G. R., Stahre, J. (2013, September). Social sustainability challenges for European manufacturing industry: attract, recruit and sustain. InIFIP International Conference on Advances in Production Management Systems(pp. 78-85). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Castillo, S., Jess, D., de la Campa, A. M. S., Gonzlez-Castanedo, Y., Fernndez-Caliani, J. C., Gonzalez, I., Romero, A. (2013). Contribution of mine wastes to atmospheric metal deposition in the surrounding area of an abandoned heavily polluted mining district (Rio Tinto mines, Spain).Science of the Total Environment,449, 363-372. Hurst, L. (2015). Assessing the competitiveness of the supply side response to China's iron ore demand shock.Resources Policy,45, 247-254. Jenkins, M. K., Moon, J. J. (2012). The role of naive T cell precursor frequency and recruitment in dictating immune response magnitude.The Journal of Immunology,188(9), 4135-4140. Kehoe, R. R., Wright, P. M. (2013). The impact of high-performance human resource practices on employees attitudes and behaviors.Journal of management,39(2), 366-391. Kemp, D., Owen, J. R., Gotzmann, N., Bond, C. J. (2011). Just relations and companycommunity conflict in mining.Journal of Business Ethics,101(1), 93-109. Kohtamki, M., Kraus, S., Mkel, M., Rnkk, M. (2012). The role of personnel commitment to strategy implementation and organisational learning within the relationship between strategic planning and company performance.International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior Research,18(2), 159-178. Lynch, M. D., Smith, A. J., De Gobbi, M., Flenley, M., Hughes, J. R., Vernimmen, D., ... Meek, S. (2012). An interspecies analysis reveals a key role for unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in vertebrate Polycomb complex recruitment.The EMBO journal,31(2), 317-329. Pearson, C. A., Daff, S. (2011). Extending boundaries of human resource concepts and practices: An innovative recruitment method for Indigenous Australians in remote regions.Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources,49(3), 325-343. Schmitt, A., Raisch, S. (2013). Corporate turnarounds: The duality of retrenchment and recovery.Journal of Management Studies,50(7), 1216-1244. Shaw, J. D., Park, T. Y., Kim, E. (2013). A resource?based perspective on human capital losses, HRM investments, and organizational performance.Strategic management journal,34(5), 572-589. Wright, P. M., McMahan, G. C. (2011). Exploring human capital: putting humanback into strategic human resource management.Human Resource Management Journal,21(2), 93-104.

These guys do Hamlet backwards soup

These guys do Hamlet backwards: soup-to-nuts Shakespeare in two hours flat Essay The first American Shakespeare company to claim the distinction of having its entire repertoire booked into Londons West End offers a succinct statement of its artistic philosophy: To put the shake back into Shakespeare. Indeed, the American RSC Reduced Shakespeare Company, that is does everything succinctly. The three-actor troupe crams all 37 plays plus the sonnets into one athletic and irreverent performance piece of less than two hours. The open-ended West End run that began March 23 at the Arts Theatre is a tribute to the popularity of the companys 1991 tour of England, which came on the heels of four well-received engagements at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe. Jess Borgeson, one of three Converse hightop-shod performers who play all the roles, notes, English audiences probably like us because we do Shakespeare exactly the way they think three guys from California might be expected to do Shakespeare. We will write a custom essay on These guys do Hamlet backwards: soup-to-nuts Shakespeare in two hours flat specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Their way with the Bard has been described as high-speed collegiate humor, manic silliness, a loving subversion which pays tribute to its source while sending it up at the same time and one of the funniest shows you are likely to see in your entire lifetime. Although those kudos all come from Montreal critics, the Reduced Shakespeare Company has garnered similar accolades from American, Australian, Irish and Japanese audiences. What will London audiences get when they buy tickets to the Yankee RSC? The show has changed little in basic format since its inception in 1981, though audience participation and topical references go a long way toward keeping it fresh. Act 1 incorporates snippets or at least passing mention of 36 plays: Othello becomes a rap song; the histories compress neatly into a football game Reds vs. Whites, with the crown as football; Titus Andronicus metamorphoses into a cooking show, with body parts as the basic ingredients; and a 15-minute Romeo and Juliet anchors the act. Act 2 belongs to Hamlet: a half-hour version followed by a two-minute reprise then a 30-second encore, capped by a high-speed version played backwards so you can hear the subliminal satanic messages. Ophelias drowning is represented by a goblet of water dashed in her face; in reverse-action Ophelia spews a mouthful of water into the goblet. Front-row spectators are shanghaied to stand in for Hamlet and Ophelia while the actors lead the audience in chanting the conflicting instructions of Ophelias id, ego and super-ego. In Dublin the trio got a Catholic priest to be Ophelia, and in Kansas City, a pregnant woman. The tenor and length of this audience-participation sequence can vary considerably. Borgeson explains, If we get to a certain point and the audience giggles, well go one way; if they guffaw, well go another. We know where were going to end up, but there are different routes we can take to get there. Thats part of our fun. Borgeson got his first taste of reduced Shakespeare at the University of California, Berkeley, when he appeared in The (15-Minute) Doggs Troupe Hamlet by Tom Stoppard. Soon he gravitated toward two other mini-Shakespeareans, Daniel Singer author of a four-person Hamlet, and actor Adam Long. In 1987 the trio took its one-hour version of the Complete Works to the Edinburgh Festival. Appearing often outdoors, they learned that there was a clear relationship between fast pacing, the laugh quotient and the number of coins that went into the hat they passed after every performance. That realization spurred the trio to develop their breakneck, laugh-a-second pace. In 1989, when Singer left the company to take a job at Walt Disney Studios, Borgeson called Reed Martin, a fellow Berkeley classmate who had been on the road for two years as a circus clown with Ringling Brothers. Today the company is a five-person partnership composed of the three performers, costume/prop wizard Sa Thomson and business manager Scott Ewing. .u52f26895b6583dad5e6f1d87aae09fce , .u52f26895b6583dad5e6f1d87aae09fce .postImageUrl , .u52f26895b6583dad5e6f1d87aae09fce .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u52f26895b6583dad5e6f1d87aae09fce , .u52f26895b6583dad5e6f1d87aae09fce:hover , .u52f26895b6583dad5e6f1d87aae09fce:visited , .u52f26895b6583dad5e6f1d87aae09fce:active { border:0!important; } .u52f26895b6583dad5e6f1d87aae09fce .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u52f26895b6583dad5e6f1d87aae09fce { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u52f26895b6583dad5e6f1d87aae09fce:active , .u52f26895b6583dad5e6f1d87aae09fce:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u52f26895b6583dad5e6f1d87aae09fce .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u52f26895b6583dad5e6f1d87aae09fce .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u52f26895b6583dad5e6f1d87aae09fce .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u52f26895b6583dad5e6f1d87aae09fce .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u52f26895b6583dad5e6f1d87aae09fce:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u52f26895b6583dad5e6f1d87aae09fce .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u52f26895b6583dad5e6f1d87aae09fce .u52f26895b6583dad5e6f1d87aae09fce-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u52f26895b6583dad5e6f1d87aae09fce:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hamlet – The Character Of Hamlet EssayAlthough much of the show is based upon the performers, personalities, Martin quickly felt at ease with it and contributed material based upon his clown skills: fire-eating, accordion-playing and even tapping out the William Tell Overture on the sides of his neck. The three personas, as projected in performance, are finely balanced: the exuberant intellectual Borgeson, the innocent idealist Long and the deadpan pragmatist Martin. Offstage they wear bomber jackets with the company emblem on the back. A circular red-bordered patch on the right arm proclaims 2B, while the left-arm sports 2B with a red bar through it. A Tokyo engagement in 1991 challenged the troupes communication skills to the fullest. The best laughs came when they hit or kicked each other, so they found themselves doing a lot of hitting and kicking. After noticing that people would bring their dinners to eat during the performance, Borgeson, Long and Martin decided to incorporate that practice into the performance. They would run out into the audience, take peoples food away from them and eat it on stage. The audience loved it, and Long remembers that as the most popular segment of the show. Martin learned a few Japanese phrases to help explain what they were doing. To introduce the reverse-action Hamlet, he asked someone how to say We will do it backwards. In performance, however, his Japanese brought only blank stares. Later he found that what he had said meant, We will do it behind ourselves. For the audience-participation sequence, Martin coached the super-ego section of the audience to pronounce Get thee to a nunnery! But when he cued them to call out the line at the crucial moment, he was taken aback to hear, from the entire audience in unison, Get thee to a brewery! Between moments like these, the RSC allows audiences only the briefest glimpse of its genuine reverence for the Bard. Amid the hilarity of the trios Hamlet send-up, theres a powerful moment when the tomfoolery skids to a halt, and Long recites simply and guilelessly, without a trace of interpretation, Hamlets What a piece of work is man sequence. Suddenly the bellylaughs cease, and the audience, seduced by words, holds its collective breath. You know Borgeson is right when he says, We should probably get over our inferiority complex about playing Shakespeare straight.

The Aesthetic Point of View Essay Example

The Aesthetic Point of View Essay Example The Aesthetic Point of View Paper The Aesthetic Point of View Paper The quest to substantiate aesthetics assessment has given birth to many philosophies in this field. This attempt has been dissected into multiple criteria such aesthetic concepts, aesthetic enjoyment, aesthetic experience, aesthetic value, etc. According to Beardsley, multiple points of view represent different value centered subjectivity. Beardsley with his flair in being open to including constructive criticism poses questions to his own definitions concerning the capacity-definition and he draws three problems with specific adjustments; the problem of falsification, the problem of illusion and the problem of devaluation. The problem of falsification leaves room for negative judgments to capitalize not absence of little value but great value in a work of proposed art. His vivid example of being under the influence of an intoxicated substance could alter the correct way of experiencing a work of art makes the point clear. ‘’But how can we explain the lowering of an aesthetic evaluation and still maintain that these evaluations are capacity-judgments? ’ asked Beardsley. This quotation refers to mood of critical thinking in his passages. The problem of devaluation captures the shift in ‘our value grades’ that is largely caused by enlargement of our experiences. So this ‘belated recognition’ opens an internalized evaluation of the grades and understanding of it. The Aesthetic Value ‘‘The aesthetic value of an object is the value it possesses in virtue of its capacity to provide aesthetic gratification when correctly and completely experienced’’ It can be said that in judging the value of a painting, a poem, a composition, a drama or a building the observer needs to comprehend and include that aspect of its quality (with which we judge it) which is due to its capacity to provide aesthetic enjoyment. It is interesting to observe how the definitions of ‘value’, ‘capacity’ and ‘aesthetic gratification’ pull in more observations given through out the text. But after the definitions, the subjectivity of the considerations rejected or accepted when certain judgments are formulated bring us to his next nexus of suggestions. Beardsley writes, ‘’A consideration about an object is relevant to the aesthetic point of view if and only if it is a aesthetic gratification ( formal unity and intensity of regional quality) are present in the object’’. So his examples of a painting being landscape painting being relevant to a judgment marginally contributes to the pre-conditions surrounding the painting like possibly sexual orientation of the painter, writer or composer. The suggestion that the judgment should be exclusive of the subject of the creation gives rise to how historical, cultural aspects of judgment makes subjectivity of the art work stronger. To take an aesthetic point of view requires more than appreciating the skills and interjects the recognition and perceptions. When the question of justification for adopting a certain aesthetic point of view is there, the conflicts with other equally able aesthetics arises. So according to Beardsley the modern approach to broaden the range of adoption by ‘increasing the amount of aesthetic value of which we can take advantage’. This brings us to the observational point of the central task in aesthetic education. He states that this is where there is a rift and observers torn between conflicting ways of redirecting taste. The argument against broadening the amount of aesthetic value tries to incorporate everything as ‘expressive and symbolic’ and the other being the way of love of beauty which he has mentioned is reformist by implication since it seeks a world that conforms to its ideal. But Beardsley’s understanding in how confrontation with these issues does not generate the scope for defining the possibilities and limitations of the aesthetic point of view leaves margins for more contemplation. His conclusion suggest that the conflict of values and the values used for the aesthetic point of view sometimes terminate adopting only one. And his most noble suggestion has been ’To adopt the aesthetic point of view is simply to seek out a source of value. ’ Conclusion The most interesting aspect in reading and trying to evaluate Monroe C. Beardsley’s proposals has been in his expansive adaptation to developments in the philosophical ideas given birth by criticism or change in new aspects of the art world absent from his original philosophy. There might have been absence of elements of feminism, fad fashion, movements but this so-called New criticism that he is supposedly underwriting does respect the art criticism in a positive light. References The journal of Aesthetics and Art criticism, Volume 63, Issue 2 ( p 175- 178) Quotes from, The Aesthetic Point of View Monroe C. Beardsley 1982.

Helen Keller, Deaf and Blind Spokesperson and Activist

Helen Keller, Deaf and Blind Spokesperson and Activist Helen Adams Keller (June 27, 1880–June 1, 1968) was a groundbreaking exemplar and advocate for the blind and deaf communities. Blind and deaf from a nearly fatal illness at 19 months old, Helen Keller made a dramatic breakthrough at the age of 6 when she learned to communicate with the help of her teacher, Annie Sullivan. Keller went on to live an illustrious public life, inspiring people with disabilities and fundraising, giving speeches, and writing as a humanitarian activist. Fast Facts: Helen Keller Known For:  Blind and deaf from infancy, Helen Keller is known for her emergence from isolation, with the help of her teacher Annie Sullivan, and for a career of public service and humanitarian activism.Born:  June 27, 1880 in Tuscumbia, AlabamaParents: Captain Arthur Keller and Kate Adams KellerDied:  June 1, 1968 in Easton ConnecticutEducation: Home tutoring with Annie Sullivan, Perkins Institute for the Blind, Wright-Humason School for the Deaf, studies with Sarah Fuller  at the  Horace Mann School for the Deaf, The Cambridge School for Young Ladies, Radcliffe College  of  Harvard UniversityPublished Works: The Story of My Life,  The World I Live In,  Out of the Dark, My Religion,  Light in My Darkness, Midstream: My Later LifeAwards and Honors:  Theodore Roosevelt  Distinguished Service Medal in 1936, Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1964, election to the Womens Hall of Fame in 1965, an honorary Academy Award in 1955 (as the inspiration for the documentary about her life), countless honorary degreesNotable Quote: The best and most beautiful things in the world cannot be seen, nor touched ... but are felt in the heart. Early Childhood Helen Keller was born on June 27, 1880, in Tuscumbia, Alabama to Captain Arthur Keller and Kate Adams Keller. Captain Keller was a cotton farmer and newspaper editor and had served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War. Kate Keller, 20 years his junior, had been born in the South, but had roots in Massachusetts and was related to founding father John Adams. Helen was a healthy child until she became seriously ill at 19 months. Stricken with an illness that her doctor called brain fever, Helen was not expected to survive. The crisis was over after several days, to the great relief of the Kellers. However, they soon learned that Helen had not emerged from the illness unscathed. She was left blind and deaf. Historians believe that Helen had contracted either scarlet fever or meningitis. The Wild Childhood Years Frustrated by her inability to express herself, Helen Keller frequently threw tantrums that included breaking dishes and even slapping and biting family members. When Helen, at age 6, tipped over the cradle holding her baby sister, Helens parents knew something had to be done. Well-meaning friends suggested that she be institutionalized, but Helens mother resisted that notion. Soon after the incident with the cradle, Kate Keller read a book by Charles Dickens about the education of Laura Bridgman. Laura was a deaf-blind girl who had been taught to communicate by the director of the Perkins Institute for the Blind in Boston. For the first time, the Kellers felt hopeful that Helen could be helped as well. The Guidance of Alexander Graham Bell During a visit to a Baltimore eye doctor in 1886, the Kellers received the same verdict they had heard before. Nothing could be done to restore Helens eyesight. The doctor, however, advised the Kellers that Helen might benefit from a visit with the famous inventor Alexander Graham Bell in Washington, D.C. Bells mother and wife were deaf and he had devoted himself to improving life for the deaf, inventing several assistive devices for them. Bell and Helen Keller got along very well and would later develop a lifelong friendship. Bell suggested that the Kellers write to the director of the Perkins Institute for the Blind, where Laura Bridgman, now an adult, still resided. The director wrote the Kellers back, with the name of a teacher for Helen: Annie Sullivan. Annie Sullivan Arrives Helen Kellers new teacher had also lived through difficult times. Annie Sullivan had lost her mother to tuberculosis when she was 8. Unable to care for his children, her father sent Annie and her younger brother Jimmie to live in the poorhouse in 1876. They shared quarters with criminals, prostitutes, and the mentally ill. Young Jimmie died of a weak hip ailment only three months after their arrival, leaving Annie grief-stricken. Adding to her misery, Annie was gradually losing her vision to trachoma, an eye disease. Although not completely blind, Annie had very poor vision and would be plagued with eye problems for the rest of her life. When she was 14, Annie begged visiting officials to send her to school. She was lucky, for they agreed to take her out of the poorhouse and send her to the Perkins Institute. Annie had a lot of catching up to do. She learned to read and write, then later learned braille and the manual alphabet (a system of hand signs used by the deaf). After graduating first in her class, Annie was given the job that would determine the course of her life: teacher to Helen Keller. Without any formal training to teach a deaf-blind child, 20-year-old Annie Sullivan arrived at the Keller home on March 3, 1887. It was a day that Helen Keller later referred to as my souls birthday. A Battle of Wills Teacher and pupil were both very strong-willed and frequently clashed. One of the first of these battles revolved around Helens behavior at the dinner table, where she roamed freely and grabbed food from the plates of others. Dismissing the family from the room, Annie locked herself in with Helen. Hours of struggle ensued, during which Annie insisted Helen eat with a spoon and sit in her chair. In order to distance Helen from her parents, who gave in to her every demand, Annie proposed that she and Helen move out of the house temporarily. They spent about two weeks in the annex, a small house on the Keller property. Annie knew that if she could teach Helen self-control, Helen would be more receptive to learning. Helen fought Annie on every front, from getting dressed and eating to going to bed at night. Eventually, Helen resigned herself to the situation, becoming calmer and more cooperative. Now the teaching could begin. Annie constantly spelled words into Helens hand, using the manual alphabet to name the items she handed to Helen. Helen seemed intrigued but did not yet realize that what they were doing was more than a game. Helen Kellers Breakthrough On the morning of April 5, 1887, Annie Sullivan and Helen Keller were outside at the water pump, filling a mug with water. Annie pumped the water over Helens hand while repeatedly spelling â€Å"w-a-t-e-r† into her hand. Helen suddenly dropped the mug. As Annie later described it, a new light came into her face. She understood. All the way back to the house, Helen touched objects and Annie spelled their names into her hand. Before the day was over, Helen had learned 30 new words. It was just the beginning of a very long process, but a door had been opened for Helen. Annie also taught her how to write and how to read braille. By the end of that summer, Helen had learned more than 600 words.   Annie Sullivan sent regular reports on Helen Kellers progress to the director of the Perkins Institute. On a visit to the Perkins Institute in 1888, Helen met other blind children for the first time. She returned to Perkins the following year and stayed for several months of study. High School Years Helen Keller dreamed of attending college and was determined to get into Radcliffe, a womens university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. However, she would first need to complete high school. Helen attended a high school for the deaf in New York City, then later transferred to a school in Cambridge. She had her tuition and living expenses paid for by wealthy benefactors. Keeping up with school work challenged both Helen and Annie. Copies of books in braille were rarely available, requiring that Annie read the books, then spell them into Helens hand. Helen would then type out notes using her braille typewriter. It was a grueling process. Helen withdrew from the school after two years, completing her studies with a private tutor. She gained admission to Radcliffe in 1900, making her the first deaf-blind person to attend college. Life as a Coed College was somewhat disappointing for Helen Keller. She was unable to form friendships both because of her limitations and the fact that she lived off campus, which further isolated her. The rigorous routine continued, in which Annie worked at least as much as Helen. As a result, Annie suffered severe eyestrain. Helen found the courses very difficult and struggled to keep up with her workload. Although she detested math, Helen did enjoy English classes and received praise for her writing. Before long, she would be doing plenty of writing. Editors from Ladies Home Journal offered Helen $3,000, an enormous sum at the time, to write a series of articles about her life. Overwhelmed by the task of writing the articles, Helen admitted she needed help. Friends introduced her to John Macy, an editor and English teacher at Harvard. Macy quickly learned the manual alphabet and began to work with Helen on editing her work. Certain that Helens articles could successfully be turned into a book, Macy negotiated a deal with a publisher and The Story of My Life was published in 1903 when Helen was only 22 years old. Helen graduated from Radcliffe with honors in June 1904. Annie Sullivan Marries John Macy John Macy remained friends with Helen and Annie after the books publication. He found himself falling in love with Annie Sullivan, although she was 11 years his senior. Annie had feelings for him as well, but wouldnt accept his proposal until he assured her that Helen would always have a place in their home. They were married in May 1905 and the trio moved into a farmhouse in Massachusetts. The pleasant farmhouse was reminiscent of the home Helen had grown up in. Macy arranged a system of ropes out in the yard so that Helen could safely take walks by herself. Soon, Helen was at work on her second memoir, The World I Live In, with John Macy as her editor. By all accounts, although Helen and Macy were close in age and spent a lot of time together, they were never more than friends. An active member of the Socialist Party, John Macy encouraged Helen to read books on socialist and communist theory. Helen joined the Socialist Party in 1909 and she also supported the womens suffrage movement. Helens third book, a series of essays defending her political views, did poorly. Worried about their dwindling funds, Helen and Annie decided to go on a lecture tour. Helen and Annie Go on the Road Helen had taken speaking lessons over the years and had made some progress, but only those closest to her could understand her speech. Annie would need to interpret Helens speech for the audience. Another concern was Helens appearance. She was very attractive and always well dressed, but her eyes were obviously abnormal. Unbeknownst to the public, Helen had her eyes surgically removed and replaced by prosthetic ones prior to the start of the tour in 1913. Prior to this, Annie made certain that the photographs were always taken of Helens right profile because her left eye protruded and was obviously blind, whereas Helen appeared almost normal on the right side. The tour appearances consisted of a well-scripted routine. Annie spoke about her years with Helen and then Helen spoke, only to have Annie interpret what she had said. At the end, they took questions from the audience. The tour was successful, but exhausting for Annie. After taking a break, they went back on tour two more times. Annies marriage suffered from the strain as well. She and John Macy separated permanently in 1914. Helen and Annie hired a new assistant, Polly Thomson, in 1915, in an effort to relieve Annie of some of her duties. Helen Finds Love In 1916, the women hired Peter Fagan as a secretary to accompany them on their tour while Polly was out of town. After the tour, Annie became seriously ill and was diagnosed with tuberculosis. While Polly took Annie to a rest home in Lake Placid, plans were made for Helen to join her mother and sister Mildred in Alabama. For a brief time, Helen and Peter were alone together at the farmhouse, where Peter confessed his love for Helen and asked her to marry him. The couple tried to keep their plans a secret, but when they traveled to Boston to obtain a marriage license, the press obtained a copy of the license and published a story about Helens engagement. Kate Keller was furious and brought Helen back to Alabama with her. Although Helen was 36 years old at the time, her family was very protective of her and disapproved of any romantic relationship. Several times, Peter attempted to reunite with Helen, but her family would not let him near her. At one point, Mildreds husband threatened Peter with a gun if he did not get off his property. Helen and Peter were never together again. Later in life, Helen described the relationship as her little island of joy surrounded by dark waters. The World of Showbiz Annie recovered from her illness, which had been misdiagnosed as tuberculosis, and returned home. With their financial difficulties mounting, Helen, Annie, and Polly sold their house and moved to Forest Hills, New York in 1917. Helen received an offer to star in a film about her life, which she readily accepted. The 1920 movie, Deliverance, was absurdly melodramatic and did poorly at the box office. In dire need of a steady income, Helen and Annie, now 40 and 54 respectively, next turned to vaudeville. They reprised their act from the lecture tour, but this time they did it in glitzy costumes and full stage makeup, alongside various dancers and comedians. Helen enjoyed the theater, but Annie found it vulgar. The money, however, was very good and they stayed in vaudeville until 1924. American Foundation for the Blind That same year, Helen became involved with an organization that would employ her for much of the rest of her life. The newly-formed American Foundation for the Blind (AFB) sought a spokesperson and Helen seemed the perfect candidate. Helen Keller drew crowds whenever she spoke in public and became very successful at raising money for the organization. Helen also convinced Congress to approve more funding for books printed in braille. Taking time off from her duties at the AFB in 1927, Helen began work on another memoir, Midstream, which she completed with the help of an editor. Losing Teacher and Polly Annie Sullivans health deteriorated over several years time. She became completely blind and could no longer travel, leaving both women entirely reliant on Polly. Annie Sullivan died in October 1936 at the age of 70. Helen was devastated to have lost the woman whom she had known only as Teacher, and who had given so much to her. After the funeral, Helen and Polly took a trip to Scotland to visit Pollys family. Returning home to a life without Annie was difficult for Helen. Life was made easier when Helen learned that she would be taken care of financially for life by the AFB, which built a new home for her in Connecticut. Helen continued her travels around the world through the 1940s and 1950s accompanied by Polly, but the women, now in their 70s, began to tire of travel. In 1957, Polly suffered a severe stroke. She survived, but had brain damage and could no longer function as Helens assistant. Two caretakers were hired to come and live with Helen and Polly. In 1960, after spending 46 years of her life with Helen, Polly Thomson died. Later Years Helen Keller settled into a quieter life, enjoying visits from friends and her daily martini before dinner. In 1960, she was intrigued to learn of a new play on Broadway that told the dramatic story of her early days with Annie Sullivan. The Miracle Worker was a smash hit and was made into an equally popular movie in 1962. Death Strong and healthy all of her life, Helen became frail in her 80s. She suffered a stroke in 1961 and developed diabetes. On June 1, 1968, Helen Keller died in her home at the age of 87 following a heart attack. Her funeral service, held at the National Cathedral in Washington, D.C., was attended by 1,200 mourners. Legacy Helen Keller was a groundbreaker in her personal and public lives. Becoming a writer and lecturer with Annie while blind and deaf was an enormous accomplishment. Helen Keller was the first deaf-blind individual to earn a college degree. She was an advocate for communities of people with disabilities in many ways, raising awareness through her lecture circuits and books and raising funds for the American Foundation for the Blind. Her political work included helping to found the American Civil Liberties Union and advocacy for increased funding for braille books and for womens suffrage. She met with every U.S. president from  Grover Cleveland to Lyndon Johnson. While she was still alive, in 1964, Helen received the highest honor awarded to a U.S. citizen, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, from President Lyndon Johnson. Helen Keller remains a source of inspiration to all people for her enormous courage overcoming the obstacles of being both deaf and blind and for her ensuing life of humanitarian selfless service. Sources: Herrmann, Dorothy. Helen Keller: A Life. University of Chicago Press, 1998. Keller, Helen. Midstream: My Later Life. Nabu Press, 2011.

Academic Integrity Seminar Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Academic Integrity Seminar - Assignment Example d) From the date and source of this reading, one can conclude that some cultures or communities had shared values they wanted to preserve. They shared core values related to doing well to the benefit of the community. Such values can arise in the modern society or cultures through socialization. Socialization of the societal value begins with the family hence a child grows to know what the society expects. Greenspan is not realistic in his argument about business ethics. Exploitation of materials offers business support which makes it grow. It is not realistic for a business to buy and sell products with the same price; there has to be some differences to offer continuity of the business. Business ethics is not all about reducing exploitation to protect the beneficiaries, but it entails much more. Therefore, Greenspan is naà ¯ve in his argument. Pre-commit: People should try to make decisions before tempting situations. Pre-committing to difficult objectives can increase ones performance. Similarly, those who impose strict deadlines tend to perform better than those who don’t. Use rewards and penalties: Rewards are very vital in strengthening self-control. Many people can make short-term sacrifices for long-term gain when they have a self-imposed reward. Therefore, they will exercise self-control to get the reward in the end. On the other hand, use of penalties will discourage bad behaviors; making one develop self-control mechanism. Self-affirmation: This implies avoiding bad habits. One should reaffirm himself or herself on the core things he or she believes are better when done. It will result to self-control. Thinking about core values which are accepted will help an individual top self-control when depleted. â€Å"I would like to express my gratitude to my family members for all their support since I started schooling to this juncture. You have been supportive of my course. I am grateful

What form of market structure best describes the supermarket chain in Essay

What form of market structure best describes the supermarket chain in the UK Explain your answer using examples - Essay Example These have led to many analysts accusing them of taking advantage of their market power to evolve an unfair advantage. The Competition Commission (CC) confirmed this indicating that they indeed enjoyed higher gross profits as compared to similar firms in other countries, though their return on capital employed (ROCE) was substantially lower (Smithy, 2002). The total UK grocery stores sales in 2005 generated total sales volume of approximately  £120 billion, which was an increment of 4.2 percent from the previous year. In this category, grocery items contributed 95, which accounts for almost half of all retail sales and 13 percent in household spending. The Office of Fair Trading (OFT) reported that by 2005, the five largest supermarket chains had a market share of grocery items of approximately 75 percent (OFT, 2006). The OFT reports that the expansion of the large supermarket chains into the convenience store sector (those below 280 sq metres) had considerably expanded this market segment, from 54 stores in 2000 to 1306 by 2005 within the UK market. According to IGAD Research (2009), there are 92,796 grocery stores located in Britain by end of 2008. This are divided into four main segments including: convenience stores; traditional retail; hypermarkets; supermarkets and superstores; and online channel [See Figure: 1]. IGAD Research reports that by 2008, the UK grocery market had grown to  £146.3bn, a 4.8 percent rise from 2007. Clarke (2001) reports that the big five supermarket chains account for half of all food retail sales within the UK market while the two largest (Tesco and Sainsbury) command a market share of third of the market share. Due to their predominance, these supermarkets have evolved monopolistic tactics since they control the downstream market or the retail level hence are able to fix prices to generate higher profits by using their market power

Unconscious mind Essay Example for Free

Unconscious mind Essay The word personality originates from the Latin word â€Å"persona† which means mask. From the modern meaning of mask, it means a cover used for disguise. However from the ancient Latin-speaking world, the word is used not to conceal something but to typify or represent a character in theater plays. Thus, personality is what differentiates or distinguishes a person. It is a mask that sets an individual apart from others. For a more detailed description of personality, it is defined as the sum total of the qualities and characteristics of a person as shown in her manner of walking, talking, dressing, and her attitudes, interests, and ways of reacting to other people.   Consequently, to make things simpler and to quote from Glen Allsopp, a popular internet blogger, personality is a set of qualities that make a person distinct from another. Psychoanalysis was pioneered by Sigmund Freud. This perspective believes that there are three levels of awareness or divisions of the mind namely conscious, preconscious and unconscious. Freud represented these levels of awareness through an iceberg. The part of the iceberg visible above the surface is the conscious mind. Just below the surface is the preconscious mind, anything that is not yet part of the conscious mind. Hidden deep below the surface is the unconscious mind, feelings, memories, thoughts, and urges that cannot be easily brought into consciousness. The unconscious can be revealed in dreams and Freudian slips (or slip of the tongue is a verbal or memory mistake believed to be linked with the unconscious mind). In addition, according to Freud, there are three parts of personality called as id, ego and superego. The id works on the pleasure principle. Its goal is instant gratification and satisfaction from our primitive drives related to hunger, sex, aggression, and irrational impulses. The ego works on the reality principle. It protects the person against the immediate gratification of the id. Conscious awareness resides in the ego, although not all of the operations of the ego are conscious. The ego brings the person down to what is real. As an example, when a person is hungry or is sexually  driven, the desire can only be satisfied at the right place and at the right time. The ego controls the person’s actions and allows for higher level cognitive skills. The superego, on the other hand, is the moral center of personality, containing the ego ideal and the conscience, and is the source of moral anxiety. The superego would create perfectionist and civilized individuals that are incapable of compromising what life requires. While the id would create pleasure-seeking individuals whose main goal is to satisfy every desire without delay. The ego balances the person as it compromises what the id desires in accordance to the superego. Carl Gustav Jung believed that there was not only a personal unconscious, as described by Freud, but a collective unconscious as well. This collective unconscious served as a form of psychological inheritance. It contains all of the knowledge and experiences we share as a species. The collective unconscious contains archetypes or models of people, behaviors, and personalities. These archetypes are innate, universal, and hereditary. These are unlearned and function to organize how we experience certain things. The four major archetypes according to Jung are: the self, the shadow, the anima or animus, and the persona. The self is the unification of the consciousness and unconsciousness wherein various aspects of personality are integrated. T he shadow exists as part of the unconscious mind and is described as the darker side of the psyche. It is composed of weaknesses, repressed ideas, desires, instincts, and short comings. The anima is the feminine image in the male psyche while the animus is the male image in the female psyche. It is represented as the â€Å"true self† rather than the image a person projects to others. Lastly, the persona is how we project ourselves to the world. It is like our social mask that we wear for different situations and groups. It shields the ego from negative images. Archetypes are not limited to the four types previously mentioned nor are fixed. Other archetypes that Jung described are: the father (authority figure), the mother (nurturing and comforting), the child (longing for innocence), the hero (champion, defender), and the trickster (liar, deceiver) among others. Psychiatrist Alfred Adler proposed feelings of inferiority as the driving force behind personality and developed the birth order theory. Firstborn children with younger siblings feel inferior once those younger siblings get all the attention and often overcompensate by becoming overachievers. Middle children feel superior over the dethroned older child while dominating younger siblings and they tend to be very competitive. Younger children feel inferior because they are not allowed the freedom and responsibility like those of the older children. Frank Sulloway, another theorist proposed that birth order has a profound effect on one’s personality. Firstborns are more dominant, less open to new ideas, and more conscientious than later-born children. Consequently, later-born children are more open and rebellious.